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GTA Tree Permit Guide

GTA Tree Permit Requirements by Municipality

Permit requirements vary significantly across the Greater Toronto Area. A tree that needs no permit in one city may require a full arborist report and a 45-day review in the next. This guide summarizes the verified thresholds for 9 GTA municipalities, sourced directly from official city websites.

Quick Reference

Minimum diameter at breast height (DBH), measured at 1.37–1.4 m above ground unless otherwise noted.

MunicipalityMin. DBHDead TreesPermit TimelineOfficial Source
City of Toronto30 cmExempt: no permit required for 100% dead treesCheck with cityOfficial page →
City of Mississauga15 cmPermit required, but no base fee for dead or dying trees30 business days from complete applicationOfficial page →
City of Markham20 cmPermit required, but dead or dying trees are exempt from replacement planting45 days from payment receivedOfficial page →
City of Vaughan20 cmCheck with cityCheck with cityOfficial page →
City of Brampton30 cmCheck with cityInspection completed approximately 90 business days from requestOfficial page →
Town of Oakville15 cmPermit required, but dead trees, high-risk trees, and ash trees are fee-exemptSite consultation arranged within 5 business days of applicationOfficial page →
City of Richmond Hill15 cmCheck with cityCheck with cityOfficial page →
City of Burlington20 cmPermit required, but dead trees and trees with terminal conditions are fee-exemptCheck with cityOfficial page →
City of HamiltonNo private tree bylaw currently in effectN/A: no permit required on private propertyN/AOfficial page →

Data sourced from official municipal websites. "Check with city" indicates the information was not available on the official website at time of publication. Last reviewed March 2026.

City-by-City Details

City of Toronto

Private Tree By-law, Municipal Code Chapter 813

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
30 cm
Dead Trees
Exempt: no permit required for 100% dead trees
Permit Timeline
Check with city
Handled By
Urban Forestry, City of Toronto

Trees on City streets and in ravines are protected regardless of size. The City is currently reviewing the bylaw and may lower the 30 cm threshold.

City of Mississauga

Private Tree By-law 0021-2022

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
15 cm
Dead Trees
Permit required, but no base fee for dead or dying trees
Permit Timeline
30 business days from complete application
Handled By
Forestry and Environment, City of Mississauga

One replacement tree required for every 15 cm of diameter removed. Ornamental trees such as Japanese maples, cedars, and junipers are not accepted as replacement plantings.

City of Markham

Tree Preservation By-law 2023-164

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
20 cm
Dead Trees
Permit required, but dead or dying trees are exempt from replacement planting
Permit Timeline
45 days from payment received
Handled By
City of Markham Urban Forestry

Non-refundable processing fee of $20.50 per application (effective January 2026). Contact: TreePreservationAdmin@markham.ca.

City of Vaughan

Tree Protection By-law 177-2025

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
20 cm
Dead Trees
Check with city
Permit Timeline
Check with city
Handled By
Parks and Forestry Operations, City of Vaughan

An arborist report is required when applying to remove a private tree. Permits must be posted on the lot during removal.

City of Brampton

Tree Preservation By-law 317-2012

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
30 cm
Dead Trees
Check with city
Permit Timeline
Inspection completed approximately 90 business days from request
Handled By
Urban Forestry, City of Brampton

A separate Woodlot Conservation By-law applies to properties containing 50 or more trees over 20 cm DBH per 0.2 hectare.

Town of Oakville

Private Tree Protection By-law 2023-074 (amended 2024)

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
15 cm
Dead Trees
Permit required, but dead trees, high-risk trees, and ash trees are fee-exempt
Permit Timeline
Site consultation arranged within 5 business days of application
Handled By
Forestry Section, Town of Oakville

Permit fee is $65 for the first tree (15–24 cm DBH) and $425 for each additional tree or any tree over 24 cm DBH. One replacement tree required per 10 cm of removed tree's DBH.

City of Richmond Hill

Tree Preservation By-law 19-25 (in effect April 23, 2025)

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
15 cm
Dead Trees
Check with city
Permit Timeline
Check with city
Handled By
City of Richmond Hill Planning and Building Services

The threshold was reduced from 20 cm to 15 cm DBH when By-law 19-25 came into effect. Application fee is $314 + HST for the first tree, $109 + HST for each additional tree.

City of Burlington

Private Tree By-law 040-2022

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
20 cm
Dead Trees
Permit required, but dead trees and trees with terminal conditions are fee-exempt
Permit Timeline
Check with city
Handled By
City of Burlington Forestry

Heritage trees and species at risk may require additional approvals beyond the standard permit. The bylaw applies within the City's Urban Planning Area Boundary.

City of Hamilton

No private tree bylaw (public trees protected under By-law 15-125)

Official permit page →
Minimum DBH
No private tree bylaw currently in effect
Dead Trees
N/A: no permit required on private property
Permit Timeline
N/A
Handled By
City of Hamilton Urban Forestry

Hamilton does not currently require a permit to remove private trees. A proposed private tree bylaw has been discussed but was not enacted as of this writing. Trees on City property are protected. Contact the city before any work near public trees.

Why Each City Has Its Own Rules

Municipal tree protection in Ontario is governed by the Municipal Act and the Conservation Authorities Act, which give each municipality the authority to pass its own tree bylaw. There is no single provincial standard.

Cities set their own DBH thresholds based on local canopy cover targets, political priorities, and staff capacity to process permits. A municipality with a well-staffed urban forestry department can handle more applications and may lower its threshold to protect smaller trees. A city that has historically had lower canopy cover may have less developed permit infrastructure.

The result: a 20 cm tree on one side of a city boundary requires a full permit with an arborist report, while the same tree on the other side needs nothing. If your property is near a municipal boundary, always confirm which bylaw applies.

Common Questions

What is the minimum tree size requiring a permit in Toronto?+
In Toronto, any tree 30 cm (about 12 inches) in diameter at breast height on private property requires a permit before it can be removed or injured. This is measured at 1.4 metres above ground. Trees on City streets are protected regardless of size.
Do I need a permit to remove a dead tree?+
It depends on the municipality. Toronto explicitly exempts 100% dead trees from its private tree permit requirement. Oakville, Burlington, and Mississauga require a permit application for dead trees but waive the permit fee. Markham requires a permit but dead or dying trees are exempt from replacement planting. Always check with your specific city before removing a dead tree.
Which GTA city has the strictest tree removal bylaws?+
Mississauga, Oakville, and Richmond Hill protect the most trees, each requiring permits for trees as small as 15 cm in diameter. Oakville also requires an on-site consultation before a permit is issued. Toronto and Brampton have higher thresholds of 30 cm, protecting fewer trees by count but focusing on larger, more established specimens.
What happens if I remove a tree without a permit in Ontario?+
Penalties vary by municipality but are significant. In Toronto, fines can reach $100,000 per tree for unauthorized removal. Mississauga's Private Tree By-law 0021-2022 allows fines up to $100,000 per tree. Most municipalities also require the property owner to plant replacement trees and may place a lien on the property until remediation is complete.
Can I remove a tree on my own property without a permit?+
Only if the tree falls below your municipality's protected size threshold, or if a specific exemption applies (such as Toronto's 100% dead tree exemption). In most GTA cities, trees above the protected diameter on private property require a permit regardless of who owns the land. Hamilton is currently the one major GTA city without a private tree bylaw, meaning no permit is required there for private property removals.

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