{
  "name": "Metro Vancouver tree bylaw dataset",
  "description": "Private tree bylaw rules for all 21 Metro Vancouver municipalities as JSON and CSV, with a primary source and a check date on every row.",
  "url": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/resources/metro-vancouver-tree-bylaw-data/",
  "dateModified": "2026-09-25",
  "rows": [
    {
      "slug": "anmore",
      "name": "Anmore",
      "tier": "C",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Tree Management Bylaw No. 587-2018 requires a permit for a tree 20 cm in diameter or more at 1.4 m.",
      "protectedTree": "20 cm",
      "permitFee": "$500 for a Tree Cutting Permit. The Annual Tree Cutting Allowance Permit costs $10 and covers up to 2 trees per lot each calendar year, with no replanting.",
      "replacement": "The bylaw states two different ratios. Confirm with the Village of Anmore.",
      "applicationMethod": "Paper application form",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#anmore",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Anmore Tree Management Bylaw No. 587-2018",
      "sourceUrl": "https://anmore.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Bylaw-587-2018-Tree-Management.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://anmore.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Bylaw-587-2018-Tree-Management.pdf",
          "label": "Anmore Tree Management Bylaw No. 587-2018"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://anmore.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Bylaw-608-2019-Fees-and-Charges-Bylaw-Consolidated-2025-11-21.pdf",
          "label": "Anmore Fees and Charges Bylaw No. 608-2019"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "The tree definition in s.2(1) excludes hedges.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://anmore.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Bylaw-587-2018-Tree-Management.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "s.5 to s.7",
        "trigger": "A permit applies to a tree 20 cm or more in diameter at 1.4 m.",
        "rule": "Anmore sets no barrier distance. The bylaw works by lot coverage: an owner keeps or replants tree cover, measured as drip-line area ÷ lot area × 100, from 10% on smaller lots up to 75% on the largest.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "lot-coverage"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://anmore.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Bylaw-587-2018-Tree-Management.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$500 per replacement tree, to a maximum of $10,000 per parcel, held 3 years.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://anmore.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Bylaw-587-2018-Tree-Management.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "largest-plus-share",
          "share": 0.6
        },
        "multiStemText": "100% of the largest trunk plus 60% of each additional trunk, under s.4(1).",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm. A separate 10 cm trigger covers cutting a branch or trunk.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://anmore.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Bylaw-587-2018-Tree-Management.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "belcarra",
      "name": "Belcarra",
      "tier": "C",
      "privateTreeBylaw": false,
      "statusLine": "No tree bylaw covers private property. The Village's tree bylaw excludes private land and covers municipal land only.",
      "protectedTree": null,
      "permitFee": null,
      "replacement": null,
      "applicationMethod": null,
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#belcarra",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Belcarra Managing Trees, Views and Landscapes Bylaw No. 589, 2021",
      "sourceUrl": "https://belcarra.ca/assets/media/2021/11/589-2021-Managing-Trees-Views-Landscapes.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://belcarra.ca/assets/media/2021/11/589-2021-Managing-Trees-Views-Landscapes.pdf",
          "label": "Belcarra Managing Trees, Views and Landscapes Bylaw No. 589, 2021"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://belcarra.ca/bylaws/",
          "label": "Village of Belcarra bylaws"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "noPrivateTreeBylaw": true,
        "section": "Bylaw 589",
        "trigger": "The Village tree bylaw covers municipal land only.",
        "rule": "The Village tree bylaw covers municipal land only, and it sets no protection zone formula.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "no-rule"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://belcarra.ca/assets/media/2021/11/589-2021-Managing-Trees-Views-Landscapes.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": null,
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m above natural grade, on the uphill side",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "high-side",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "single-stem"
        },
        "multiStemText": "The bylaw adds no stems together. A tree counts when at least one stem reaches 20 cm.",
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "noPrivateTreeBylaw": true,
        "threshold": "The Village tree bylaw covers municipal land only.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://belcarra.ca/assets/media/2021/11/589-2021-Managing-Trees-Views-Landscapes.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "bowen-island",
      "name": "Bowen Island",
      "tier": "C",
      "privateTreeBylaw": false,
      "statusLine": "No tree removal bylaw for private property.",
      "protectedTree": null,
      "permitFee": null,
      "replacement": null,
      "applicationMethod": null,
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#bowen-island",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Bowen Island Municipality building and planning FAQ",
      "sourceUrl": "https://bowenislandmunicipality.ca/property-development/building-planning-frequently-asked-questions/",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://bowenislandmunicipality.ca/property-development/building-planning-frequently-asked-questions/",
          "label": "Bowen Island Municipality building and planning FAQ"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://bowenisland.civicweb.net/document/272552/",
          "label": "Bowen Island Site Alteration Bylaw No. 568, 2022"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "Bowen Island has no tree removal bylaw for private property. The Site Alteration Bylaw No. 568 tree definition excludes hedges, but it only scopes soil volumes.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bowenisland.civicweb.net/document/272552/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "noPrivateTreeBylaw": true,
        "section": "FAQ: no private tree bylaw",
        "trigger": "No tree removal bylaw for private property.",
        "rule": "Bowen Island has no tree removal bylaw for private property. A Development Permit can still attach tree conditions to a project.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "no-rule"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://bowenislandmunicipality.ca/property-development/building-planning-frequently-asked-questions/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": null,
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": null,
        "heightCm": null,
        "slope": null,
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "none"
        },
        "multiStemText": "Bowen Island has no tree removal bylaw for private property, so it sets no measuring rule for a private tree.",
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "noPrivateTreeBylaw": true,
        "threshold": "No private tree bylaw. A Development Permit can still attach tree conditions to a project.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bowenislandmunicipality.ca/property-development/building-planning-frequently-asked-questions/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "burnaby",
      "name": "Burnaby",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "Depends on the site and species. On property under a current development application, a tree is protected at 20.3 cm DBH. On other property, conifers are protected at 30.5 cm and broadleaf trees at 45.7 cm. DBH is measured at 1.3 m, and a multi-stem tree sums its three largest stems.",
      "permitFee": "$97 per tree to a maximum of $691 with no development application. $207 per tree to a maximum of $1,380 with a residential development application. Non-residential development sites pay a base fee set by site size plus $207 per tree; confirm the band with the City of Burnaby.",
      "replacement": "Replacement under s.13(1): 1 tree for a removed tree up to 30.5 cm, 2 trees for over 30.5 cm to 61 cm, and 3 trees for over 61 cm. Replacement conifers must be at least 2 m tall and broadleaf trees at least 5 cm in diameter. Security is the greater of $1,500 or 120% of the estimated replacement cost (s.7). Cash-in-lieu is $1,500 per tree, paid to the Civic Tree Reserve Fund.",
      "applicationMethod": "Contact the Building Division at the City of Burnaby. No dedicated online form is confirmed.",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#burnaby",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/burnaby/",
      "sourceLabel": "Burnaby Tree Bylaw 1996, consolidated 10482C",
      "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.burnaby.ca/media/Consolidated/10482CC.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Burnaby Tree Bylaw 1996, consolidated 10482C",
          "url": "https://bylaws.burnaby.ca/media/Consolidated/10482CC.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "Consolidated Fees and Charges Bylaw 14485C, Schedule E11",
          "url": "https://bylaws.burnaby.ca/media/Consolidated/14485CC.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "Information Bulletin: Tree Permits (with Development)",
          "url": "https://www.burnaby.ca/sites/default/files/acquiadam/2021-08/Tree-Cutting-Permits-With-Development-Bulletin.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Burnaby trees page",
          "url": "https://www.burnaby.ca/services-and-payments/trees"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "measuredAt": "1.3 m",
        "section": "s.8",
        "trigger": "20.3 cm on a property under a development application. Otherwise 30.5 cm for a conifer and 45.7 cm for a broadleaf tree.",
        "rule": "The fence goes on or outside the measured dripline and stands at least 1.2 m high. Burnaby prints no diameter table.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "dripline"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.burnaby.ca/media/Consolidated/10482CC.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "The greater of the Fees Bylaw minimum ($1,500) or 120% of the estimated replacement cost (s.7).",
        "cashInLieu": "$1,500 per tree, paid to the Civic Tree Reserve Fund.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.burnaby.ca/media/Consolidated/10482CC.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.3 m",
        "heightCm": 130,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest",
          "stems": 3
        },
        "multiStemText": "The sum of the three largest stems.",
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "threshold": "Conifer 30.5 cm and broadleaf 45.7 cm. The trigger drops to 20.3 cm while a development application is open on the property.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.burnaby.ca/media/Consolidated/10482CC.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "coquitlam",
      "name": "Coquitlam",
      "tier": "B",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Tree Management Bylaw No. 4091 requires a permit at 20 cm diameter at 1.4 m, or for a tree 5 m or taller on a steep slope.",
      "protectedTree": "20 cm, or 5 m tall on a steep slope",
      "permitFee": "$71.50 for a basic permit, or $358 where an arborist report or a City site visit is required.",
      "replacement": "Replacement follows a matrix of lot size and the number of protected trees left on the lot, not a diameter ratio.",
      "applicationMethod": "Online, through the City of Coquitlam application portal",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#coquitlam",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Coquitlam Tree Management Bylaw No. 4091, 2010",
      "sourceUrl": "https://publicdocs.coquitlam.ca/coquitlamdoc/getdocIF.asp?doc=891357",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://publicdocs.coquitlam.ca/coquitlamdoc/getdocIF.asp?doc=891357",
          "label": "Coquitlam Tree Management Bylaw No. 4091, 2010"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.coquitlam.ca/558/Tree-Cutting-Permit",
          "label": "City of Coquitlam Tree Cutting Permit page"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.coquitlam.ca/DocumentCenter/View/1151",
          "label": "Coquitlam Standards for Tree Cutting Permit Applicants"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Trees and Development page",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.4 m, or a tree 5 m or taller on a steep slope.",
        "rule": "The City treats the dripline as the CRZ and sets a Minimum Protection Zone of six times the tree's DBH. Both definitions come from the City's Trees and Development page, not the bylaw. The page does not say where the barrier stands, so confirm the barrier distance with the City of Coquitlam.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6,
          "driplineRole": "context",
          "zoneOnly": true
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.coquitlam.ca/560/Trees-Development",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "100% of the estimated value (s.11). The Tree Resource Guide sets an administrative rate of $300 per replacement tree.",
        "cashInLieu": "No cash-in-lieu provision found.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://publicdocs.coquitlam.ca/coquitlamdoc/getdocIF.asp?doc=891357",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "confirm"
        },
        "multiStemText": "The bylaw text we checked does not say how to combine stems. Ask the City of Coquitlam before you rely on a multi-stem figure.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm, or 5 m tall on a steep slope.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://publicdocs.coquitlam.ca/coquitlamdoc/getdocIF.asp?doc=891357",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "delta",
      "name": "Delta",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "A tree is covered when it is 20 cm or more in diameter at 1.4 m, when the combined diameter of its 3 largest stems is 20 cm or more, or, if it is under 1.4 m tall, when it measures 30.5 cm or more at its base.",
      "permitFee": "$100 flat plus $50 per tree. Significant trees in Sunshine Hills cost $200 plus $100 per tree for 1 to 4 trees, or $300 plus $150 per tree for 5 or more. The replacement-plan fee is $50 per tree.",
      "replacement": "Schedule B sets the count, planted on site or paid as cash in lieu. Outside Sunshine Hills, a tree from 20 cm to 59 cm needs 2 on site or 3 as cash in lieu, and a tree of 60 cm or more needs 3 or 4. In Sunshine Hills, a tree from 20 cm to under 50 cm needs 2 or 3, a tree of 50 cm or more needs 3 or 4, a significant tree of 70 cm or more needs 4 or 6, and 5 or more significant trees need 6 or 9. Schedule B cash values are $1,050, $933 and $875 per tree, with $2,100 flat for the tier of 5 or more significant trees. Security and flat cash-in-lieu are $700 per replacement tree. Replacement conifers must be at least 3.0 m tall and deciduous trees at least 7.0 cm caliper at 1.4 m, planted at least 3.0 m from another tree.",
      "applicationMethod": "Online, through the City of Delta eApply portal",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#delta",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/delta/",
      "sourceLabel": "Delta Tree Protection and Regulation Bylaw No. 7969, 2021 (consolidated with Bylaw 8575)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.delta.ca/media/5035",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Delta Tree Protection and Regulation Bylaw No. 7969, 2021 (consolidated with Bylaw 8575)",
          "url": "https://www.delta.ca/media/5035"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Delta trees page",
          "url": "https://www.delta.ca/community-culture/environment-conservation/trees"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Delta eApply tree removal permit portal",
          "url": "https://deltaonline.ca/WebApps/eApply/Prospero/Dashboard/Template/Welcome.aspx?TemplateName=TREE%20REMOVAL%20PERMIT"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "delta-8575",
        "date": "2026-06-15",
        "dateLabel": "Council passage",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Amendment Bylaw 8575",
        "headline": "Delta adds the Sunshine Hills Neighbourhood Tree Protection Program",
        "summary": "Amendment Bylaw 8575 brings the Sunshine Hills Neighbourhood Tree Protection Program into Delta Tree Protection and Regulation Bylaw No. 7969, 2021. Council passed it on 2026-06-15, and the consolidated bylaw on the City's site includes it. Before you apply the general Delta rules to a lot in Sunshine Hills, ask the City of Delta how the program applies to that lot.",
        "sourceLabel": "Delta Tree Protection and Regulation Bylaw No. 7969, 2021, consolidated with Bylaw 8575",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.delta.ca/media/5035",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "Replacement for a hedge is 2 trees per 5 m of hedge (Schedule B).",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.delta.ca/media/5035",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Schedule C",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.4 m, or the combined diameter of the 3 largest stems.",
        "rule": "The protective barrier must equal the extent of the drip line or six times the tree diameter, whichever is greater.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6,
          "driplineRole": "greater"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.delta.ca/media/5035",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$700 per replacement tree.",
        "cashInLieu": "A flat cash-in-lieu rate of $700 per replacement tree.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.delta.ca/media/5035",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m above Base",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "base",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest",
          "stems": 3
        },
        "multiStemText": "The combined diameter of the three largest stems. A tree shorter than 1.4 m is measured at its base instead, against a 30.5 cm trigger.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.delta.ca/media/5035",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "langley-city",
      "name": "City of Langley",
      "tier": "B",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Tree Protection and Management Bylaw No. 3321 protects Significant Trees of 75 cm or more anywhere, and trees of 20 cm or more on a lot with a Development Application.",
      "protectedTree": "75 cm significant trees anywhere, 20 cm on lots with a development application",
      "permitFee": "$100 per application, or $300 per Development Application. $0 for a hazardous or dead tree.",
      "replacement": "A protected tree needs 2 medium or large trees or 4 small ones, and a Significant Tree needs 3 or 6. Cash-in-lieu is $1,000 per tree.",
      "applicationMethod": "Paper application form",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#langley-city",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "City of Langley Tree Protection and Management Bylaw, 2025, No. 3321",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.langleycity.ca/media/file/bylaw-3321-tree-bylawpdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.langleycity.ca/media/file/bylaw-3321-tree-bylawpdf",
          "label": "City of Langley Tree Protection and Management Bylaw, 2025, No. 3321"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.langleycity.ca/media/file/fees-and-charges-bylaw-2010-no-2837-amendment-no-38-reg-jan-26-2026",
          "label": "City of Langley Fees and Charges Bylaw 2837, Amendment No. 38 (Schedule 16)"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "langley-city-3321",
        "date": "2026-01-19",
        "dateLabel": "Adopted",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Tree Protection and Management Bylaw, 2025, No. 3321",
        "headline": "The City of Langley adopts a tree protection and management bylaw",
        "summary": "Tree Protection and Management Bylaw, 2025, No. 3321 had readings on 2025-12-01 and 2026-01-12 and was adopted on 2026-01-19. The bylaw has no earlier version. It protects a Significant Tree of 75 cm DBH or more anywhere, and any tree of 20 cm DBH or more on a lot with a Development Application. The minimum fine is $5,000 per conviction, and each tree counts as a separate offence.",
        "sourceLabel": "Tree Protection and Management Bylaw, 2025, No. 3321",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.langleycity.ca/media/file/bylaw-3321-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "s.2(9) and s.2(34)",
        "trigger": "75 cm anywhere for a Significant Tree, and 20 cm on a lot with a Development Application.",
        "rule": "The CRZ is a circle with a radius of DBH × 6. The TPZ must at least contain the CRZ, and an arborist sizes it beyond that to the Director's satisfaction.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.langleycity.ca/media/file/bylaw-3321-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "Tree protection security of $100 per cm of DBH for each retained tree, capped at $15,000 (small-scale multiple housing) or $150,000 per application. Replacement security is $1,000 per tree.",
        "cashInLieu": "$1,000 per tree.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.langleycity.ca/media/file/bylaw-3321-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m above the highest adjacent grade",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "high-side",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest",
          "stems": 3
        },
        "multiStemText": "Two stems that share a root system count as the sum of both. Three or more count as the sum of the three largest.",
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "threshold": "20 cm on a lot with a Development Application, and 75 cm (a Significant Tree) on any lot.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.langleycity.ca/media/file/bylaw-3321-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "langley-township",
      "name": "Township of Langley",
      "tier": "B",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Tree Protection Bylaw 2019 No. 5478 requires a permit at 20 cm diameter at 1.4 m.",
      "protectedTree": "20 cm",
      "permitFee": "$150 non-refundable application fee plus $100 per tree. $0 for dead, dying, diseased or imminent-failure trees.",
      "replacement": "Private removals pay cash-in-lieu instead of replanting: $600 per tree for 20 to 30 cm and $1,200 per tree over 30 cm.",
      "applicationMethod": "Online",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#langley-township",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Township of Langley Tree Protection Bylaw 2019 No. 5478",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.tol.ca/en/services/resources/bylaw-services/bylaws/Other-Bylaws/Tree-Protection-Bylaw-(No.-5478).pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.tol.ca/en/services/resources/bylaw-services/bylaws/Other-Bylaws/Tree-Protection-Bylaw-(No.-5478).pdf",
          "label": "Township of Langley Tree Protection Bylaw 2019 No. 5478"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.tol.ca/en/services/resources/bylaw-services/bylaws/Other-Bylaws/Fees-and-Charges-Bylaw-(No.-4616).pdf",
          "label": "Township of Langley Fees and Charges Bylaw 2007 No. 4616, Schedule 15"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "§2",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.4 m. Development applications run outside this bylaw (§3(h)).",
        "rule": "The CRZ is a circle with a radius of DBH × 6. A barrier at least 1.2 m high is required where a CRZ is within 4 m of works. For a tree on the next lot, the barrier runs to the property line.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.tol.ca/en/services/resources/bylaw-services/bylaws/Other-Bylaws/Tree-Protection-Bylaw-(No.-5478).pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "cashInLieu": "Bylaw 5838 replaced replacement planting for private removals with cash-in-lieu: $600 per tree from 20 to 30 cm, or $1,200 per tree over 30 cm, capped by construction footprint at $10,000, $15,000 or $50,000.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.tol.ca/en/services/resources/bylaw-services/bylaws/Other-Bylaws/Tree-Protection-Bylaw-(No.-5478).pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "largest-plus-share",
          "share": 0.6
        },
        "multiStemText": "100% of the largest trunk plus 60% of each additional trunk.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm. Development applications run under a separate bylaw.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.tol.ca/en/services/resources/bylaw-services/bylaws/Other-Bylaws/Tree-Protection-Bylaw-(No.-5478).pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "lions-bay",
      "name": "Lions Bay",
      "tier": "C",
      "privateTreeBylaw": false,
      "statusLine": "No tree bylaw covers private property. The Village's tree bylaw covers municipal land only.",
      "protectedTree": null,
      "permitFee": null,
      "replacement": null,
      "applicationMethod": null,
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#lions-bay",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Lions Bay Trees, Views and Landscapes Bylaw No. 393, 2007 (consolidated)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.lionsbay.ca/sites/lionsbay.ca/files/2022-01/bylaw_393_-_tree_bylaw_no._393_2007_consolidation_603_with_e.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.lionsbay.ca/sites/lionsbay.ca/files/2022-01/bylaw_393_-_tree_bylaw_no._393_2007_consolidation_603_with_e.pdf",
          "label": "Lions Bay Trees, Views and Landscapes Bylaw No. 393, 2007 (consolidated)"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.lionsbay.ca/governance/bylaws",
          "label": "Village of Lions Bay bylaws"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "noPrivateTreeBylaw": true,
        "section": "Bylaw 393",
        "trigger": "The Village tree bylaw covers municipal land only.",
        "rule": "The Village tree bylaw covers municipal land only. It sets no protection zone formula and no fencing spec.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "no-rule"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.lionsbay.ca/sites/lionsbay.ca/files/2022-01/bylaw_393_-_tree_bylaw_no._393_2007_consolidation_603_with_e.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": null,
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m above natural grade",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "largest-plus-share",
          "share": 0.6
        },
        "multiStemText": "100% of the largest trunk plus 60% of each additional trunk. The bylaw also converts a girth measurement: diameter equals circumference ÷ 3.142.",
        "circumferenceDivisor": 3.142,
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "noPrivateTreeBylaw": true,
        "threshold": "The Village tree bylaw covers municipal land only.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.lionsbay.ca/sites/lionsbay.ca/files/2022-01/bylaw_393_-_tree_bylaw_no._393_2007_consolidation_603_with_e.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "maple-ridge",
      "name": "Maple Ridge",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "A tree is protected when its diameter is 20 cm or more at 1.40 m, or when its stump is over 25 cm at grade. A multi-stem tree uses the sum of its three largest stems. Trees of any size are protected on City property and in a Riparian or Conservation Area.",
      "permitFee": "Residential: $70 for the first tree in a calendar year and $100 for each additional tree. Development: $300 plus $100 per tree. A re-inspection costs $150 and a permit change costs $100.",
      "replacement": "Section 9.4 sets the count by size: 2 trees for 20 to 39 cm, 3 trees for 40 to 59 cm and 4 trees for more than 60 cm. Under s.9.5, a permit that removes only one protected tree in a calendar year needs 1 replacement tree. Cash-in-lieu is $800 per tree, capped at $48,000 per hectare. Replacement security is $640 per tree. Development replacements are at least 6 cm caliper deciduous or 2.50 m coniferous, and other replacements at least 4 cm caliper or 10-gallon, or 2.0 m coniferous.",
      "applicationMethod": "By email to Trees@MapleRidge.ca. Tree permits are not on the online building-permit portal.",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#maple-ridge",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/maple-ridge/",
      "sourceLabel": "Maple Ridge Tree Protection and Management Bylaw No. 8045-2026 (adopted 2026-05-12)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/tree-protection-and-management-bylaw-no-8045-2026",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Maple Ridge Tree Protection and Management Bylaw No. 8045-2026 (adopted 2026-05-12)",
          "url": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/tree-protection-and-management-bylaw-no-8045-2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maple Ridge Fees and Charges Bylaw No. 7575-2019, Schedule J",
          "url": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/fees-charges-consolidated-bylaw-no-7575-2019"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maple Ridge Terms of Reference: Arborist Report for Tree Cutting Applications (August 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/arborist-report-tree-cutting-permits-terms-referencepdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Maple Ridge tree protection and management bylaw page",
          "url": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/your-government/policies-bylaws/tree-protection-and-management-bylaw"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "maple-ridge-8045",
        "date": "2026-05-12",
        "dateLabel": "Adopted",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Tree Protection and Management Bylaw No. 8045-2026",
        "headline": "Maple Ridge replaces its tree bylaw",
        "summary": "Tree Protection and Management Bylaw No. 8045-2026 repeals Bylaw 7133-2015 in full. Council gave it readings on 2026-04-28 and adopted it on 2026-05-12. The new bylaw protects a tree of 20 cm DBH or more, measured at 1.40 m, and adds a Significant Tree class at 60 cm. Its fees sit in Schedule J of Fees & Charges Bylaw No. 7575-2019, which took effect on 2026-06-30. Applications go by email, not through the online building permit portal.",
        "sourceLabel": "Tree Protection and Management Bylaw No. 8045-2026",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/tree-protection-and-management-bylaw-no-8045-2026",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "Hedging cedar is not accepted as replacement stock (Schedule C).",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/tree-protection-and-management-bylaw-no-8045-2026",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.40 m",
        "section": "§3.1 and §10.1(a)",
        "trigger": "20 cm, or a stump over 25 cm at grade.",
        "rule": "The CRZ is a circle whose radius is the greater of 6 × DBH or the tree's dripline. A barrier is required when a retained protected tree's CRZ is within 10 m of excavation, demolition, construction or servicing.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6,
          "driplineRole": "greater"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/tree-protection-and-management-bylaw-no-8045-2026",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "cashInLieu": "$800 per tree, capped at $48,000 per hectare.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/fees-charges-consolidated-bylaw-no-7575-2019",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.40 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest",
          "stems": 3
        },
        "multiStemText": "The sum of the three largest stems, drawn in the bylaw's Figure 2.0.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm, or a stump wider than 25 cm at grade.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.mapleridge.ca/media/file/tree-protection-and-management-bylaw-no-8045-2026",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-westminster",
      "name": "New Westminster",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "Trees 20 cm or more in diameter at 1.3 m, or where the two largest trunks combine to 20 cm or more. Any tree or shrub on City land is protected at any size.",
      "permitFee": "$75 application fee ($0 for a resident applicant on hazard trees only); permit $75 per tree for the first 10 trees and $150 per tree after that; hazardous tree permit $50 for the first tree and $25 for each additional tree; barrier inspection $75 plus $10 per additional enclosure.",
      "replacement": "2:1 for most removals (s.7.2); 1:1 for a hazardous tree or a heavily diseased or declining tree; 1 tree per 4 m of hedge; at least 5:1 after an unlawful removal (s.11.4(b)). Security: $500 per replacement tree, or $10,000 for a non-hazardous specimen tree. Retained-tree security: $2,500, or $10,000 for a specimen tree.",
      "applicationMethod": "Online only, through E-Apply",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#new-westminster",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/new-westminster/",
      "sourceLabel": "Tree Protection and Regulation Bylaw No. 7799, 2016 (consolidated 2018-11-29)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/database/files/library/Tree_Protection_and_Regulation_Bylaw_No_7799_2016_Amended_2018.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Tree Protection and Regulation Bylaw No. 7799, 2016 (consolidated 2018-11-29)",
          "url": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/database/files/library/Tree_Protection_and_Regulation_Bylaw_No_7799_2016_Amended_2018.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of New Westminster: tree permits",
          "url": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/services/trees/tree-permits"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of New Westminster: tree bylaw",
          "url": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/services/trees/tree-bylaw"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "A hedge 5 m tall or taller is a protected tree. Replacement is 1 tree per 4 m of hedge (s.7.2).",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/database/files/library/Tree_Protection_and_Regulation_Bylaw_No_7799_2016_Amended_2018.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.3 m",
        "section": "s.2.1(m) and Schedule B",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.3 m, or 20 cm combined for the two largest trunks.",
        "rule": "The CRZ is a circle with a radius of DBH × 6, or 1 m beyond the dripline, whichever is greater. Schedule B prints a table as well, and its 90 cm row reads 5.0 m. Work within 4 m of a protected tree's dripline needs a barrier and a permit, or a CRZ work authorization (s.8.1).",
        "scheduleNote": "The published table we could verify has these Schedule B rows. Confirm other sizes with the City of New Westminster.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "schedule",
          "schedulePoints": [
            [
              20,
              1.2
            ],
            [
              75,
              4.5
            ],
            [
              90,
              5
            ],
            [
              100,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "multiplier": 6,
          "driplineRole": "greater",
          "driplineOffsetM": 1
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/database/files/library/Tree_Protection_and_Regulation_Bylaw_No_7799_2016_Amended_2018.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$500 per replacement tree, or $10,000 for a non-hazardous specimen tree. Retained-tree security is $2,500 (non-specimen) or $10,000 (specimen).",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/database/files/library/Tree_Protection_and_Regulation_Bylaw_No_7799_2016_Amended_2018.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.3 m above the base",
        "heightCm": 130,
        "slope": "base",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "root-sum-squares",
          "twoLargestTest": true
        },
        "multiStemText": "The square root of the sum of the squared stem diameters, rounded to the nearest cm. The bylaw prints its own example: √(12² + 14² + 17²) = 25 cm. The protected tree definition, s.2.1(jj), adds a second test: a combined DBH of the two largest trunks of 20 cm or more.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm, by either test.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.newwestcity.ca/database/files/library/Tree_Protection_and_Regulation_Bylaw_No_7799_2016_Amended_2018.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "north-vancouver-city",
      "name": "City of North Vancouver",
      "tier": "B",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Tree Bylaw No. 8888 applies, but Bylaw 9143 exempts most single-family and duplex lots.",
      "protectedTree": null,
      "permitFee": "Confirm with the City of North Vancouver",
      "replacement": null,
      "applicationMethod": "Paper application form",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#north-vancouver-city",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "City of North Vancouver Tree Bylaw, 2022, No. 8888 (consolidated)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cnv.org/-/media/City-of-North-Vancouver/Documents/Bylaws/Consolidated/8888-C.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnv.org/-/media/City-of-North-Vancouver/Documents/Bylaws/Consolidated/8888-C.pdf",
          "label": "City of North Vancouver Tree Bylaw, 2022, No. 8888 (consolidated)"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnv.org/community-environment/trees/private-trees",
          "label": "City of North Vancouver private trees page"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "north-vancouver-city-9143",
        "date": "2025-12-08",
        "dateLabel": "Consolidated",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Bylaw 9143",
        "headline": "The City of North Vancouver exempts most single-family and duplex lots",
        "summary": "Bylaw 9143 amends Tree Bylaw, 2022, No. 8888. It exempts a tree whose entire trunk sits on land zoned RS-1, RS-2, RS-4B, RT-1, RT-2 or GO, or on an equivalent CD zone. That takes most single-family and duplex lots out of the bylaw. The consolidation dated 2025-12-08 includes the change. On any other zone the bylaw still applies, so check the zoning of the lot first.",
        "sourceLabel": "Tree Bylaw, 2022, No. 8888 (consolidated 2025-12-08)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cnv.org/-/media/City-of-North-Vancouver/Documents/Bylaws/Consolidated/8888-C.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Standard Drawing T1-S and s.3",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.4 m. Bylaw 9143 exempts trees whose entire trunk sits on RS-1, RS-2, RS-4B, RT-1, RT-2 or GO zoned land.",
        "rule": "Standard Drawing T1-S sets the barrier: use the table value or the distance from the trunk face to the dripline, whichever is greater. The bylaw sets the CRZ at 6 × DBH in cm (s.3).",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "schedule",
          "scheduleRanges": [
            [
              null,
              10,
              1.2
            ],
            [
              10,
              29,
              1.8
            ],
            [
              30,
              40,
              2.4
            ],
            [
              41,
              50,
              3
            ],
            [
              51,
              60,
              3.6
            ],
            [
              61,
              70,
              4.2
            ],
            [
              71,
              80,
              4.8
            ],
            [
              81,
              90,
              5.4
            ],
            [
              91,
              100,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "driplineRole": "greater"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cnv.org/-/media/City-of-North-Vancouver/Documents/Development-Application-Resources/Engineering-Standards/General/T1S-Tree-Protection.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$1,015.37 per replacement tree.",
        "cashInLieu": "$781.06 per tree.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cnv.org/-/media/City-of-North-Vancouver/Documents/Bylaws/Consolidated/9000-C.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m above the highest adjacent natural grade",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "high-side",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "confirm"
        },
        "multiStemText": "The bylaw sets where to measure but, in the text we checked, not how to combine stems. Ask the City of North Vancouver about a multi-stem tree.",
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "threshold": "20 cm, except where the whole trunk sits on RS-1, RS-2, RS-4B, RT-1, RT-2 or GO zoned land, which Bylaw 9143 exempts.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cnv.org/-/media/City-of-North-Vancouver/Documents/Bylaws/Consolidated/8888-C.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "north-vancouver-district",
      "name": "District of North Vancouver",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "Depends on the site and species. A large-diameter tree is 75 cm DBH or more. A protected tree has no diameter floor: it is defined by where it grows or by its species. DBH is measured at 1.3 m on the uphill side. A multi-stem tree counts 100% of the largest stem plus 60% of each additional stem, up to 6 stems, each rounded up to the nearest cm.",
      "permitFee": "$116 to cut or remove up to 4 protected trees. $581 for five or more protected trees. $2,908 for a development that removes 10 or more protected trees on a parcel over 1 ha. Large-diameter trees cost $116 per tree to cut and $581 per tree to remove. Every fee doubles for a retroactive permit.",
      "replacement": "Replacement applies only when the lot's canopy would fall below 20% after removal. Then each large-diameter tree removed needs 1 replacement tree on a lot under 420 m², or 3 trees on a lot of 420 m² or more. Security is 125% of the estimated cost of the work, capped at $50,000. The fees bylaw also sets a compensation fee of $1,164 per large-diameter tree, or $2,326 for Douglas fir or western red cedar. Confirm the fee name and amount with the District of North Vancouver.",
      "applicationMethod": "Paper application form, from the District's tree permit page",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#north-vancouver-district",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/north-vancouver-district/",
      "sourceLabel": "District of North Vancouver Tree Protection Bylaw 7671, 2012 (consolidated to Bylaw 8583)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://docs.dnv.org/documents/Bylaw%207671.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "District of North Vancouver Tree Protection Bylaw 7671, 2012 (consolidated to Bylaw 8583)",
          "url": "https://docs.dnv.org/documents/Bylaw%207671.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "District of North Vancouver Fees and Charges Bylaw 6481 (consolidated to Bylaw 8777)",
          "url": "https://docs.dnv.org/documents/Bylaw%206481.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "District of North Vancouver: tree permit",
          "url": "https://www.dnv.org/business-development/tree-permit"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": null,
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "measuredAt": "1.3 m",
        "section": "Bylaw 7671",
        "trigger": "75 cm for a large-diameter tree. Other protected trees have no size floor, for example trees on District land, streamside trees and six named species.",
        "rule": "The protected area around the tree is 10 × DBH, and a certified arborist can adjust it for the site and species. The barrier sits on its outer edge with Tree Protection Zone signage, and the Environmental Protection Officer inspects it before work starts. A barrier failure is ticketable at $300.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 10
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://docs.dnv.org/documents/Bylaw%207671.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "125% of the estimated cost of the work, capped at $50,000.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://docs.dnv.org/documents/Bylaw%207671.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.3 m on the uphill side",
        "heightCm": 130,
        "slope": "high-side",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "largest-plus-share",
          "share": 0.6,
          "maxStems": 6,
          "roundStemsUp": true
        },
        "multiStemText": "100% of the largest stem plus 60% of each additional stem, to a maximum of 6 stems. Each stem measurement is rounded up to the nearest cm first.",
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "threshold": "75 cm for a large-diameter tree. A protected tree, such as one on a steep slope or near a stream, has no size floor.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://docs.dnv.org/documents/Bylaw%207671.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "pitt-meadows",
      "name": "Pitt Meadows",
      "tier": "B",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Interim Tree Management Bylaw No. 3035, 2026 requires a permit at 20 cm diameter, measured 140 cm above natural grade.",
      "protectedTree": "20 cm, stems added together",
      "permitFee": "$50 plus $50 per tree. On the development track, $300 plus $50 per tree.",
      "replacement": "At least 1 replacement tree for each tree removed, planted on the same property within 6 months. Cash-in-lieu is $900 per tree, or $1,500 per tree on the development track. A separate $2,000 protection deposit per retained tree is due before any City permit issues.",
      "applicationMethod": "Paper application form",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#pitt-meadows",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Pitt Meadows Interim Tree Management Bylaw No. 3035, 2026",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.pittmeadows.ca/sites/default/files/2026-03/Interim-Tree-Management-Bylaw-No-3035,-2026.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pittmeadows.ca/sites/default/files/2026-03/Interim-Tree-Management-Bylaw-No-3035,-2026.pdf",
          "label": "Pitt Meadows Interim Tree Management Bylaw No. 3035, 2026"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pittmeadows.ca/homes-development/property-development/environmental-protection-permits/tree-protection",
          "label": "City of Pitt Meadows tree protection page"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "pitt-meadows-3035",
        "date": "2026-03-03",
        "dateLabel": "Adopted",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Interim Tree Management Bylaw No. 3035, 2026",
        "headline": "Pitt Meadows regulates private trees for the first time",
        "summary": "Pitt Meadows had no private-tree bylaw before 2026. Interim Tree Management Bylaw No. 3035, 2026 had readings on 2026-02-24 and was adopted on 2026-03-03. It is a bridge while a permanent bylaw goes through public engagement. It needs a permit for a tree of 20 cm DBH or more, measured 140 cm above natural grade, and adds up every stem of a multi-stem tree.",
        "sourceLabel": "Pitt Meadows Interim Tree Management Bylaw No. 3035, 2026",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.pittmeadows.ca/sites/default/files/2026-03/Interim-Tree-Management-Bylaw-No-3035,-2026.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "140 cm",
        "section": "s.3.14 and s.3.42",
        "trigger": "20 cm, measured 140 cm above natural grade.",
        "rule": "The CRZ is a circle with a radius of DBH × 6, or the Drip Line, whichever is greater. The Tree Protection Zone is the CRZ. The barrier construction spec is not in the bylaw.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6,
          "driplineRole": "greater"
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.pittmeadows.ca/sites/default/files/2026-03/Interim-Tree-Management-Bylaw-No-3035,-2026.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "Development permits: $1,500 per tree as security or cash-in-lieu, plus a separate $2,000 protection deposit per retained tree, due before any City permit.",
        "cashInLieu": "$900 per tree on a non-development permit. $1,500 per tree on a development permit.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.pittmeadows.ca/sites/default/files/2026-03/Interim-Tree-Management-Bylaw-No-3035,-2026.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "140 cm above natural grade, measured from the Base",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "base",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-all"
        },
        "multiStemText": "The cumulative total of each stem's DBH, under s.3.17.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm, single or combined.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.pittmeadows.ca/sites/default/files/2026-03/Interim-Tree-Management-Bylaw-No-3035,-2026.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "port-coquitlam",
      "name": "Port Coquitlam",
      "tier": "B",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Tree Bylaw No. 4108 requires a permit at 15 cm diameter at 1.4 m, or for a tree 5 m or taller.",
      "protectedTree": "15 cm, or 5 m tall",
      "permitFee": "$100 per tree, waived if the City deems the tree hazardous.",
      "replacement": "A 2025 amendment was proposed. Confirm current replacement rules with the City of Port Coquitlam.",
      "applicationMethod": "Online",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#port-coquitlam",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Port Coquitlam Tree Bylaw, 2019, No. 4108 (consolidated)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.portcoquitlam.ca/media/file/4108-tree-bylawpdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.portcoquitlam.ca/media/file/4108-tree-bylawpdf",
          "label": "Port Coquitlam Tree Bylaw, 2019, No. 4108 (consolidated)"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.portcoquitlam.ca/services/environment-nature/trees/tree-removal-protection",
          "label": "City of Port Coquitlam tree removal and protection page"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "port-coquitlam-proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-08",
        "dateLabel": "Committee of Council",
        "status": "proposed",
        "bylaw": "Tree Bylaw, 2019, No. 4108 (amendment proposed)",
        "headline": "Port Coquitlam has a tree bylaw amendment in progress",
        "summary": "A City of Port Coquitlam social media post reports that Committee of Council took up a package of tree bylaw amendments on 2025-07-08. We found no primary source that shows the package adopted. The posted consolidation of Tree Bylaw, 2019, No. 4108 was last modified before that meeting, so it cannot settle the question either way. Confirm the current rules with Port Coquitlam before you plan removals or replacement.",
        "sourceLabel": "City of Port Coquitlam social media post (secondary source, not a legal text)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://m.facebook.com/PortCoquitlam/photos/a.60712339586/10159665610469587/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "The bylaw's definition of a tree excludes hedges.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portcoquitlam.ca/media/file/4108-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 15,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "s.3.1(y) and Schedule B",
        "trigger": "15 cm at 1.4 m, or a tree 5 m or taller.",
        "rule": "The root protection zone is a circle with a radius of 6 × the tree's diameter, and Schedule B prints it as a table. A barrier is needed when a tree's dripline is within 4 m of excavation, demolition, construction or fill (ss.9.1 and 9.2).",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "schedule",
          "schedulePoints": [
            [
              20,
              1.2
            ],
            [
              25,
              1.5
            ],
            [
              30,
              1.8
            ],
            [
              35,
              2.1
            ],
            [
              40,
              2.4
            ],
            [
              45,
              2.7
            ],
            [
              50,
              3
            ],
            [
              55,
              3.3
            ],
            [
              60,
              3.6
            ],
            [
              75,
              4.5
            ],
            [
              90,
              5.4
            ],
            [
              100,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "multiplier": 6
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portcoquitlam.ca/media/file/4108-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$500 per replacement tree (s.8.2).",
        "cashInLieu": "$500 per tree (s.7.7(b)).",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portcoquitlam.ca/media/file/4108-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "largest-plus-share",
          "share": 0.6
        },
        "multiStemText": "100% of the largest stem plus 60% of each additional stem.",
        "thresholdCm": 15,
        "threshold": "15 cm, or 5 m tall. Hedges are excluded.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portcoquitlam.ca/media/file/4108-tree-bylawpdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "port-moody",
      "name": "Port Moody",
      "tier": "B",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": "Tree Protection Bylaw, 2026, No. 3531 protects a tree of 30 cm DBH or more on any lot, measured at 1.4 m, or 10 cm for six named species and in protected areas.",
      "protectedTree": "30 cm, or 10 cm for six named species and in protected areas",
      "permitFee": "$75 without development, $300 for RS or RT development, $720 for other Development Approvals, and $0 for hazard trees or permits with no removals.",
      "replacement": "A tree of 50 cm or more needs 2 medium or large trees or 4 small ones. A smaller tree needs 1 or 2. On a lot under a Development Approval, any protected tree needs 2 or 4.",
      "applicationMethod": "Online",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#port-moody",
      "permitGuide": null,
      "sourceLabel": "Port Moody Tree Protection Bylaw, 2026, No. 3531",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/thclca1y/tree-protection-bylaw.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/thclca1y/tree-protection-bylaw.pdf",
          "label": "Port Moody Tree Protection Bylaw, 2026, No. 3531"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/p1sgrk0g/fees-bylaw.pdf",
          "label": "Port Moody Fees Bylaw, 2025, No. 3524"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "port-moody-3531",
        "date": "2026-03-10",
        "dateLabel": "Adopted",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Tree Protection Bylaw, 2026, No. 3531",
        "headline": "Port Moody adopts a new tree protection bylaw",
        "summary": "Tree Protection Bylaw, 2026, No. 3531 was adopted on 2026-03-10 and repeals Bylaw 2961, 2015. It protects a tree of 30 cm DBH or more on any lot. The line drops to 10 cm for six named species, inside a Riparian Management Zone or an Environmentally Sensitive Area, and on a lot under an active Development Approval. DBH is measured at 1.4 m, and a multi-stem tree counts the three largest stems.",
        "sourceLabel": "Tree Protection Bylaw, 2026, No. 3531",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/thclca1y/tree-protection-bylaw.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "A removed hedge is replaced with 1 medium or large tree per 4 m of hedge, or 2 small trees per 4 m (s.13.2).",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/thclca1y/tree-protection-bylaw.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 30,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Bylaw 3531",
        "trigger": "30 cm on any lot, or 10 cm for six named species and in riparian, environmentally sensitive or development areas.",
        "rule": "The CRZ is a circle with a radius of DBH × 6. The TPZ must at least contain the CRZ, and an arborist sizes it beyond that to the General Manager's satisfaction. A 1 m Temporary Disturbance Zone surrounds the TPZ.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/thclca1y/tree-protection-bylaw.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "Replacement security per tree: $370 (RS or RT development, or non-development) or $740 (other development). Retained-tree security: $5,000 (Landmark or Legacy tree, or 50 cm DBH and over) or $1,000 (other), capped at $6,000 per non-development lot and $150,000 per application.",
        "cashInLieu": "$370 or $740 per tree, the same rates as the replacement security.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/p1sgrk0g/fees-bylaw.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest",
          "stems": 3
        },
        "multiStemText": "The cumulative total of the three largest stems, each measured directly as a diameter. The bylaw text governs where other City material describes a different method.",
        "thresholdCm": 30,
        "threshold": "30 cm on any lot. 10 cm for six named species, in a Riparian Management Zone or an Environmentally Sensitive Area, and on a lot under an active Development Approval.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.portmoody.ca/media/thclca1y/tree-protection-bylaw.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "richmond",
      "name": "Richmond",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "Trees 20 cm or more in diameter at 1.4 m that are also 4.5 m or taller. Any tree of any size on City land or in a Schedule E Environmentally Sensitive Area. A multi-stem tree counts 100% of the largest trunk plus 60% of each additional trunk.",
      "permitFee": "$70 for one tree per parcel in any 12 months. $84.25 per tree for two or more trees. $70 to renew or extend a permit. A hazard-tree removal is $0.",
      "replacement": "Schedule A replacement: 1:1 on a one-family lot with no development (6 cm caliper or 3.5 m stock), 2:1 for a rezoning, development permit, subdivision or works (8 cm caliper or 4 m stock), and 3:1 for a significant tree. A significant tree removed without a permit is replaced 3:1 with 24 cm caliper or 8 m stock. Replacement security is $750 per tree on a subdivision and $0 otherwise. Retained-tree security is $5,000 for 20 to 30 cm, $10,000 for 31 to 91 cm and $20,000 for a significant tree. Confirm cash-in-lieu with the City of Richmond.",
      "applicationMethod": "By email to TreeProtection@richmond.ca, starting from the City's tree removal page",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#richmond",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/richmond/",
      "sourceLabel": "Richmond Tree Protection Bylaw 8057 (consolidated with Bylaw 10715)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/BL_8057_Consolidated_with_ABL_1071578098.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Richmond Tree Protection Bylaw 8057 (consolidated with Bylaw 10715)",
          "url": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/BL_8057_Consolidated_with_ABL_1071578098.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "Richmond Consolidated Fees Bylaw 8636",
          "url": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/BL_8636_Consolidated_with_ABLs_10699__10702_and_10720_11102578073.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "Bulletin TREE-03: Protection of Existing Trees",
          "url": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/Tree_0315142.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "Bulletin TREE-04: Arborist Report requirements",
          "url": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/tree_0418164.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Richmond: tree removal",
          "url": "https://www.richmond.ca/services/climate/environment/treeremoval.htm"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-25",
      "bylawChanges": [
        {
          "id": "richmond-fees-2026",
          "date": "2026-01-01",
          "dateLabel": "Effective",
          "status": "in-force",
          "bylaw": "Consolidated Fees Bylaw 8636",
          "headline": "Richmond raises its tree permit fees",
          "summary": "An amendment to Consolidated Fees Bylaw 8636 took effect on 2026-01-01. A permit for one tree per parcel in 12 months is now $70.00, and a permit for two or more trees is $84.25 per tree, up from $65.25 and $78.75. A renewal or extension is $70.00. Removing a hazard tree still costs $0.",
          "sourceLabel": "Consolidated Fees Bylaw 8636, with amending bylaws",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/BL_8636_Consolidated_with_ABLs_10699__10702_and_10720_11102578073.pdf",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
        },
        {
          "id": "richmond-10715",
          "date": "2025-11-10",
          "dateLabel": "Dated",
          "status": "in-force",
          "bylaw": "Bylaw 10715",
          "headline": "Richmond lets a bond stand as a tree security deposit",
          "summary": "Bylaw 10715 amends Tree Protection Bylaw No. 8057. It widens the definition of a security deposit so that an on-demand irrevocable bond can serve as one. A word-for-word comparison of the definitions and Schedule A found no change to any figure. The consolidation with Bylaw 10715 is the current text.",
          "sourceLabel": "Tree Protection Bylaw 8057 (consolidated with Bylaw 10715)",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/BL_8057_Consolidated_with_ABL_1071578098.pdf",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Bylaw 8057 s.5.2.4(a) and Bulletin TREE-03",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.4 m, and 4.5 m tall.",
        "rule": "The dripline comes first. Bylaw 8057 defines the tree protection barrier as a fence at least 1.2 metres high around the drip line of a retained tree. Where the dripline cannot be used, Bulletin TREE-03 prints a Tree Protection Distance Table. TREE-03 warns that failing to maintain a barrier can bring fines of up to $50,000 per offence.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "dripline",
          "driplineRole": "first",
          "schedulePoints": [
            [
              20,
              1.2
            ],
            [
              25,
              1.5
            ],
            [
              30,
              1.8
            ],
            [
              35,
              2.1
            ],
            [
              40,
              2.4
            ],
            [
              45,
              2.7
            ],
            [
              50,
              3
            ],
            [
              55,
              3.3
            ],
            [
              60,
              3.6
            ],
            [
              75,
              4.5
            ],
            [
              90,
              5
            ],
            [
              100,
              6
            ]
          ]
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/Tree_0315142.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "Replacement security of $750 per tree for a subdivision, $0 otherwise. Retained-tree security: $5,000 (20 to 30 cm), $10,000 (31 to 91 cm) or $20,000 (significant tree).",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/BL_8636_Consolidated_with_ABLs_10699__10702_and_10720_11102578073.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "largest-plus-share",
          "share": 0.6
        },
        "multiStemText": "100% of the largest trunk plus 60% of each additional trunk.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm, and the tree must also be at least 4.5 m tall.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.richmond.ca/__shared/assets/BL805762699.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "surrey",
      "name": "Surrey",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "Trees 30 cm or more in diameter at 1.4 m, or stumps 35 cm or more. A multi-stem tree uses the sum of its three largest stems.",
      "permitFee": "$108 base fee plus $42 per protected tree removed (existing lots).",
      "replacement": "2:1 replacement (s.57), or 1:1 for red alder and black cottonwood outside riparian areas. Cash-in-lieu: $550 plus tax per tree, capped at $41,250 plus tax per acre cleared.",
      "applicationMethod": "By email to treebylaw@surrey.ca",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#surrey",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/surrey/",
      "sourceLabel": "Surrey Tree Protection Bylaw 16100 (consolidated to Bylaw 21973)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.surrey.ca/sites/default/files/bylaws/BYL_reg_16100.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Surrey Tree Protection Bylaw 16100 (consolidated to Bylaw 21973)",
          "url": "https://www.surrey.ca/sites/default/files/bylaws/BYL_reg_16100.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Surrey: removing trees",
          "url": "https://www.surrey.ca/renovating-building-development/trees-yard-garden/removing-trees"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Surrey: protecting Surrey's urban forest",
          "url": "https://www.surrey.ca/renovating-building-development/trees-yard-garden/protecting-surreys-urban-forest"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "surrey-21973",
        "date": "2026-04-13",
        "dateLabel": "Consolidated",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Bylaw 21973",
        "headline": "Surrey consolidates its tree bylaw through Bylaw 21973",
        "summary": "The City's consolidation of Surrey Tree Protection Bylaw, 2006, No. 16100 runs through Bylaw 21973, dated 2026-04-13. Our source does not say what Bylaw 21973 changed, so this entry does not summarize it. If you work from an older copy of Bylaw 16100, confirm the current text with the City of Surrey.",
        "sourceLabel": "Surrey Tree Protection Bylaw 16100 (consolidated to Bylaw 21973)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.surrey.ca/sites/default/files/bylaws/BYL_reg_16100.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 30,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Schedule C Table 1 and s.63",
        "trigger": "30 cm at 1.4 m, or a stump of 35 cm.",
        "rule": "Schedule C Table 1 prints the protection barrier radius for each listed trunk diameter. A barrier is required whenever work happens within 10 m of a protected trunk. The fence stands at least 1.2 m high.",
        "scheduleNote": "The published table we could verify has these Table 1 rows. Confirm other sizes with the City of Surrey.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "schedule",
          "schedulePoints": [
            [
              20,
              1.2
            ],
            [
              60,
              3.6
            ],
            [
              75,
              4.5
            ],
            [
              90,
              5.4
            ],
            [
              100,
              6
            ]
          ]
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.surrey.ca/sites/default/files/bylaws/BYL_reg_16100.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "Retained-tree security: $10,000 (significant), $5,000 (specimen) or $3,000 (other), capped at $15,000 per single-family lot and $150,000 per subdivision.",
        "cashInLieu": "Cash-in-lieu is $550 plus tax per tree, capped at $41,250 plus tax per acre cleared.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.surrey.ca/sites/default/files/bylaws/BYL_reg_16100.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest",
          "stems": 3
        },
        "multiStemText": "The sum of the three largest stems.",
        "thresholdCm": 30,
        "threshold": "30 cm, or a stump of 35 cm.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.surrey.ca/sites/default/files/bylaws/BYL_reg_16100.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "vancouver",
      "name": "Vancouver",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "A permit is needed for a private tree 20 cm or more in diameter at 1.4 m above ground. A multi-stem tree uses the combined diameter of its two or three largest stems.",
      "permitFee": "$113 for the first tree in a 12-month period and $324 for each additional tree in that period.",
      "replacement": "For each tree removed, plant one replacement tree from Schedule D Part 1 or two from Part 2 (1:1 or 2:1). Cash-in-lieu of $1,000 per tree (s.6.2) is an owner election. It applies only if the site still has at least the Schedule C number of trees after the removal. Security is $500 per replacement tree, or $750 where the replacement tree is 8 cm caliper or more (s.4.10(c)).",
      "applicationMethod": "Online, through the City of Vancouver permit portal",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#vancouver",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/vancouver/",
      "sourceLabel": "Protection of Trees By-law No. 9958 (consolidated)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/consolidated/9958.pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Protection of Trees By-law No. 9958 (consolidated)",
          "url": "https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/consolidated/9958.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "By-law No. 9958 consolidated to December 9, 2025",
          "url": "https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Vancouver Protection of Trees By-law page",
          "url": "https://vancouver.ca/your-government/protection-of-trees-bylaw.aspx"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Vancouver online permit portal",
          "url": "https://plposweb.vancouver.ca/Public/Login.aspx"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-25",
      "bylawChanges": [
        {
          "id": "vancouver-14546",
          "date": "2026-01-01",
          "dateLabel": "Effective",
          "status": "in-force",
          "bylaw": "By-law No. 14546",
          "headline": "Vancouver raises its tree permit fees",
          "summary": "By-law No. 14546 amends the permit fees in s.4.4(c) of Protection of Trees By-law No. 9958, effective 2026-01-01. A permit now costs $113 for the first tree in a 12-month period and $324 for each additional tree in the same period, up from $108 and $310. A word-by-word comparison of the consolidations before and after shows the fees as the only change.",
          "sourceLabel": "By-law 9958 consolidated to 2025-12-09, By-law 14546 effective 2026-01-01 (archive snapshot)",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "vancouver-14198",
          "date": "2025-01-01",
          "dateLabel": "Effective",
          "status": "in-force",
          "bylaw": "By-law No. 14198",
          "headline": "Vancouver sets its 2025 tree permit fees",
          "summary": "By-law No. 14198 set the s.4.4(c) permit fees at $108 for the first tree and $310 for each additional tree in the same 12-month period, effective 2025-01-01. They replaced the $105 and $301 that By-law No. 13846 set from 2024-01-01. Like By-law No. 14546 a year later, By-law No. 14198 changed the fees and nothing else.",
          "sourceLabel": "By-law 9958 consolidated to 2024-12-10, By-law 14198 effective 2025-01-01 (archive snapshot)",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250802045712/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.pdf",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "Section 2.2 of By-law 9958 applies the 20 cm size rule \"except for a replacement tree or a tree that is part of a hedge.\" Confirm how a hedge is treated with the City of Vancouver.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Schedule A and s.7.5 to s.7.9",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.4 m.",
        "rule": "Schedule A of By-law 9958 prints the protection barrier distance for each listed trunk diameter. The owner installs a barrier for each retention tree before demolition, excavation or construction begins (s.7.5). For a neighbour's tree within two metres of the boundary, the barrier extends into the site by the greater of two metres or the distance an arborist or the Director of Planning sets (s.7.7). The Chief Building Official must inspect and approve each barrier before a demolition, excavation or construction permit (s.7.9).",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "schedule",
          "schedulePoints": [
            [
              20,
              1.2
            ],
            [
              25,
              1.5
            ],
            [
              30,
              1.8
            ],
            [
              35,
              2.1
            ],
            [
              40,
              2.4
            ],
            [
              45,
              2.7
            ],
            [
              50,
              3
            ],
            [
              55,
              3.3
            ],
            [
              60,
              3.6
            ],
            [
              75,
              4.5
            ],
            [
              90,
              5
            ],
            [
              100,
              6
            ]
          ]
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250212040448/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/tree/scheda.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$500 per replacement tree, or $750 where the replacement tree is 8 cm caliper or larger (s.4.10(c)).",
        "cashInLieu": "Cash-in-lieu of $1,000 per tree (s.6.2) is an owner election that applies only if the site keeps at least the Schedule C tree count after the removal. Confirm with the City of Vancouver.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "unstated",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest-range",
          "stems": [
            2,
            3
          ]
        },
        "multiStemText": "The combined diameter of the two or three largest stems. The bylaw does not say when two apply and when three apply, so a tree with three or more stems has a range, not one figure.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/consolidated/9958.pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": [
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "20 cm to 30 cm",
          "distance": "2.0 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "31 cm to 32 cm",
          "distance": "2.1 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "33 cm",
          "distance": "2.2 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "34 cm to 35 cm",
          "distance": "2.3 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "36 cm",
          "distance": "2.4 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "37 cm to 38 cm",
          "distance": "2.5 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "39 cm",
          "distance": "2.6 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "40 cm to 44 cm",
          "distance": "2.7 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "45 cm to 49 cm",
          "distance": "3.0 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "50 cm to 54 cm",
          "distance": "3.3 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "55 cm to 59 cm",
          "distance": "3.7 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-1",
          "diameter": "60 cm and above",
          "distance": "4.0 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "20 cm to 24 cm",
          "distance": "1.0 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "25 cm to 29 cm",
          "distance": "1.3 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "30 cm to 34 cm",
          "distance": "1.5 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "35 cm to 39 cm",
          "distance": "1.8 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "40 cm to 44 cm",
          "distance": "2.0 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "45 cm to 49 cm",
          "distance": "2.3 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "50 cm to 54 cm",
          "distance": "2.5 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "55 cm to 59 cm",
          "distance": "2.8 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "60 cm to 64 cm",
          "distance": "3.0 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "65 cm to 69 cm",
          "distance": "3.3 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-b-part-2",
          "diameter": "70 cm and above",
          "distance": "3.5 m",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "0 m² to 365 m²",
          "trees": "2",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "365 m² to 450 m²",
          "trees": "3",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "451 m² to 565 m²",
          "trees": "4",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "566 m² to 750 m²",
          "trees": "5",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "751 m² to 1000 m²",
          "trees": "6",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "1001 m² to 1250 m²",
          "trees": "7",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "1251 m² to 1600 m²",
          "trees": "8",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "1601 m² to 1850 m²",
          "trees": "9",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "1851 m² to 2200 m²",
          "trees": "12",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "2201 m² to 2550 m²",
          "trees": "16",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "2551 m² to 2900 m²",
          "trees": "20",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "2901 m² to 3250 m²",
          "trees": "25",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "table": "schedule-c",
          "siteArea": "over 3250 m²",
          "trees": "30 plus one additional tree for each 50 meters squared in site area above 3250 meters squared",
          "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260115232834/https://bylaws.vancouver.ca/9958c.PDF",
          "lastVerified": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "west-vancouver",
      "name": "West Vancouver",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "Depends on the site and species. In general a tree is protected over 75 cm DBH, and a multi-stem tree counts when its stems combine to 75 cm. Six named species are protected over 20 cm. Any tree within a 15 m Watercourse Protection Area or Foreshore Protection Area is protected at any size. In the CD77, CD81 and CD82 zones the line is 15.24 cm DBH with 1.8 m of height. DBH is measured at 1.4 m above the highest adjacent natural grade.",
      "permitFee": "$330 base fee plus $120 per additional tree, for a private-property permit.",
      "replacement": "Replacement under s.7.1 is 1:1 with no size tiers. Confirm with the District of West Vancouver which removals need a replacement tree. New stock is at least 5 cm caliper for a deciduous tree or 3 m tall for a conifer, chosen from the Schedule B species list. The District holds a security of $1,000 per replacement tree, capped at $10,000. The bylaw we verified has no cash-in-lieu provision. Confirm with the District of West Vancouver.",
      "applicationMethod": "Online only, through the District's Document Upload Centre",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#west-vancouver",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/west-vancouver/",
      "sourceLabel": "West Vancouver Tree Bylaw No. 4892, 2016 (consolidated to Amendment Bylaw 5202, 2022)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://westvancouver.ca/sites/default/files/media/documents/4892%20TREE%20BYLAW%204892%202016%20(CONSOLIDATED%20UP%20TO%20AMENDMENT%20BYLAW%205202%202022).pdf",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "West Vancouver Tree Bylaw No. 4892, 2016 (consolidated to Amendment Bylaw 5202, 2022)",
          "url": "https://westvancouver.ca/sites/default/files/media/documents/4892%20TREE%20BYLAW%204892%202016%20(CONSOLIDATED%20UP%20TO%20AMENDMENT%20BYLAW%205202%202022).pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "District of West Vancouver: tree cutting permit, private property",
          "url": "https://westvancouver.ca/climate-environment/trees/tree-cutting-permits/tree-cutting-permits/tree-cutting-permit-private-property"
        },
        {
          "label": "District of West Vancouver: tree cutting permits",
          "url": "https://westvancouver.ca/climate-environment/trees/tree-cutting-permits"
        },
        {
          "label": "District of West Vancouver: Document Upload Centre",
          "url": "https://westvancouver.ca/services/online-services/document-upload-centre"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-01",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "west-vancouver-5373",
        "date": "2025-12-15",
        "dateLabel": "In force",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Bylaw 5373, 2025",
        "headline": "West Vancouver protects smaller trees on development sites",
        "summary": "Council approved Bylaw 5373, 2025 on 2025-11-17, and it has been in force since 2025-12-15. The District's permit page now covers trees of 20 cm DBH or larger on parcels undergoing development with new residential or commercial buildings or subdivision. The last posted consolidation of Tree Bylaw No. 4892, 2016 runs only to Amendment Bylaw 5202, 2022, so the bylaw PDF does not show this change yet.",
        "sourceLabel": "District of West Vancouver: tree cutting permit, private property",
        "sourceUrl": "https://westvancouver.ca/climate-environment/trees/tree-cutting-permits/tree-cutting-permits/tree-cutting-permit-private-property",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": null,
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Schedule A",
        "trigger": "More than 75 cm, or more than 20 cm for six named species. Bylaw 5373 adds trees of 20 cm or more on parcels under development.",
        "rule": "Schedule A, Protection Zone Minimum Fence Distance, prints the fence distance for each listed trunk diameter. The printed rows are irregular, so read the row for the tree's size. The fence stands 1.2 m high.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "schedule",
          "schedulePoints": [
            [
              20,
              1.2
            ],
            [
              25,
              1.5
            ],
            [
              30,
              2.1
            ],
            [
              35,
              2.4
            ],
            [
              40,
              2.7
            ],
            [
              50,
              3
            ],
            [
              55,
              3.3
            ],
            [
              60,
              3.6
            ],
            [
              75,
              4.5
            ],
            [
              90,
              5.4
            ],
            [
              100,
              6
            ]
          ]
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://westvancouver.ca/sites/default/files/media/documents/4892%20TREE%20BYLAW%204892%202016%20(CONSOLIDATED%20UP%20TO%20AMENDMENT%20BYLAW%205202%202022).pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$1,000 per replacement tree, capped at $10,000.",
        "cashInLieu": "No cash-in-lieu provision found.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://westvancouver.ca/sites/default/files/media/documents/4892%20TREE%20BYLAW%204892%202016%20(CONSOLIDATED%20UP%20TO%20AMENDMENT%20BYLAW%205202%202022).pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m above the highest immediately adjacent natural grade",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "high-side",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "confirm"
        },
        "multiStemText": "The bylaw protects a multi-stem tree by its combined diameter (§4.3) but does not say how to combine the stems. Ask the District of West Vancouver how it wants them added.",
        "thresholdCm": null,
        "threshold": "More than 75 cm, with lower triggers for six named species, watercourse and foreshore areas, and development sites.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://westvancouver.ca/sites/default/files/media/documents/4892%20TREE%20BYLAW%204892%202016%20(CONSOLIDATED%20UP%20TO%20AMENDMENT%20BYLAW%205202%202022).pdf",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "white-rock",
      "name": "White Rock",
      "tier": "A",
      "privateTreeBylaw": true,
      "statusLine": null,
      "protectedTree": "Trees 20 cm or more in diameter at 1.4 m above the highest point of natural grade. Arbutus, Garry Oak and Pacific Dogwood are protected at any size.",
      "permitFee": "Type 2 permit (other removals not tied to construction, on limited grounds): $558. Type 3 permit (tied to a demolition or building permit): $1,163. Type 1 permit (see the City's permit page): $0. Fees come from the 2026 Fees and Charges Bylaw 2554, Schedule A. Confirm which permit type fits your removal with the City of White Rock.",
      "replacement": "By the DBH of the removed tree (Part 7, section 8): under 50 cm, 2 trees; 51 to 65, 3 trees; 66 to 75, 4 trees; 76 to 85, 5 trees; over 85, 6 trees. A lower-value tree needs a flat 2. Security is $1,500 per replacement tree. Cash-in-lieu of $1,500 per tree applies to City trees removed for Type 3 construction. For private trees, confirm cash-in-lieu with the City of White Rock. Retained-tree security, held one year: $3,000 under 50 cm, $4,500 from 51 to 65, $10,000 over 65, and $2,500 for a lower-value tree.",
      "applicationMethod": "In person only at Planning and Development Services; no online portal",
      "bylawPage": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/tree-bylaws/#white-rock",
      "permitGuide": "https://arboristgroup.com/bc/permits/white-rock/",
      "sourceLabel": "White Rock Tree Protection Bylaw, 2021, No. 2407 (consolidated October 2025)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://whiterockcity.ca/DocumentCenter/View/7219/",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "White Rock Tree Protection Bylaw, 2021, No. 2407 (consolidated October 2025)",
          "url": "https://whiterockcity.ca/DocumentCenter/View/7219/"
        },
        {
          "label": "2026 Fees and Charges Bylaw, 2025, No. 2554, Schedule A",
          "url": "https://pub-whiterockcity.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=12196"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of White Rock: tree management permits",
          "url": "https://www.whiterockcity.ca/1273/Tree-Management-Permits"
        }
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
      "bylawChanges": {
        "id": "white-rock-2550",
        "date": "2025-10-06",
        "dateLabel": "Dated",
        "status": "in-force",
        "bylaw": "Bylaw 2550",
        "headline": "White Rock updates the fee wording in its tree bylaw",
        "summary": "Bylaw 2550 changes only the wording that refers to fees in White Rock Tree Protection Bylaw, 2021, No. 2407. The consolidation to October 2025 includes it. The permit fees themselves sit in Schedule A of Fees and Charges Bylaw 2554.",
        "sourceLabel": "White Rock Tree Protection Bylaw, 2021, No. 2407 (consolidated to October 2025)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://whiterockcity.ca/DocumentCenter/View/7219/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "hedgeRules": {
        "hedgeRule": "Any hedge of any size on City-owned property, road rights-of-way included, is protected.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://whiterockcity.ca/DocumentCenter/View/7219/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "protectionDistances": {
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m",
        "section": "Schedule A",
        "trigger": "20 cm at 1.4 m.",
        "rule": "The CRZ and the TPZ are the same zone: a radius of DBH × 6, or 1 m beyond the dripline, whichever is greater. Schedule A sites the barrier by the same rule.",
        "barrier": {
          "kind": "formula",
          "multiplier": 6,
          "driplineRole": "greater",
          "driplineOffsetM": 1
        },
        "sourceUrl": "https://whiterockcity.ca/DocumentCenter/View/7219/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "securities": {
        "security": "$1,500 per replacement tree. Retained-tree security is $3,000, $4,500 or $10,000 by trunk size, or $2,500 for a lower-value tree, held one year.",
        "cashInLieu": "$1,500 per tree, for City trees removed for Type 3 construction only.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://whiterockcity.ca/DocumentCenter/View/7219/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "stemMeasurement": {
        "measuredAt": "1.4 m above the highest point of natural grade",
        "heightCm": 140,
        "slope": "high-side",
        "multiStem": {
          "method": "sum-largest",
          "stems": 3
        },
        "multiStemText": "Two trunks count as the cumulative total of both. Three or more count as the cumulative total of the three largest.",
        "thresholdCm": 20,
        "threshold": "20 cm. Arbutus, Garry Oak and Pacific Dogwood are protected at any size.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://whiterockcity.ca/DocumentCenter/View/7219/",
        "lastVerified": "2026-09-01"
      },
      "vancouver9958Schedules": null
    }
  ]
}